Friends in this lesson i am giving you information about the koshi tappu wildlife reserve in eastern nepal.Koshi tappu wildlife reserve is located in the eastern sunsari district of nepal.This koshi tappu wildlife reserve is located on the banks of the saptakoshi river the largest river in nepal.To react this koshi tappu wildlife reserve you have to go north from bhokraha on the mahendra highway in prakashpur barahakshetra municipality of sunsari district.After going a little north from bhokraha you will be able to reach this wildlife reserve.This koshi tappu wildlife reserve in nepal is mainly famous for its wild buffalo.Similarly the koshi tappu wildlife reserve in sunsary district covers an area of 175 square kilometers. Mostly the koshi tappu wildlife reserve has mainly affected sunsari and saptari districts.This procted area was declared a reserve in the year 2032 bikram sambat.Since its establishment the department of national parks and wildlife conservation has been protecting this reserve.The department has been working on wildlife conservation,plant conservation,management tourism development and utilization of natural resources.Currently there are 12 wildlife parks under this department across nepal. Recently a national park,a wildlife reserve, a hunting reserve,six protected area and thirteen buffer zones have been declared. This wildlife reserve covers 23.39 percent of the total area of nepal.Koshi tappu wilflife reserve is also one of the 20 protected area in nepal.It can also be said to be the most protected area among all 20 protected areas.The koshi tappu wildlife reserve is msinly located in province no.1 and province no.2 of nepal.This koshi tappu wildlife reserve was established in bikram sambat 2032. The government of nepal has declared this area a wildlife reserve with the main objective of conserving wild buffaloes. When the koshi tappu wildlife reserve was established in bikram sambat 2032 there were only 63 wild buffaloes.Four decades later according to the census conducted in bikram sambat 2062 the number of wild buffaloes had increased to 432. Accordingly 13 wild buffaloes have been relocated to increased their number.Apart from wild buffaloes the koshi tappu wilflife reserve is also famous for other animals.
Not only wild buffaloes can be seen in the kodhi tappu wildlife reserve but also local and migratory birds can be seen there. Tourists visiting the kodhi tappu wildlife reserve will be able to observe exotic birds.536 species of migratory birds come and stay in this koshi toppu wildlife reserve every years.Among them it has also become a habitat for many species of birds such as ducks,hawks,eagles,storks etc.The reserve has become a paradise for birds as many migratory birds come here.There are many wetlands in the reserve which provide good habitat for the animals and birds living here.With the onset of winter season large flocks of birds from countries like siberia,mongolia, china,tibet,kazakhsthan, Afghanistan, spain,iran etc.mygrate to this protected area.Mygratory birds come here to escape the winter.Some birds fly here directly while some birds stay in different places. Migratory birds enjoy this reserve during the winter.The southern border of this reserve is delimited by the dam of saptakoshi river a large river of nepal.This wildlife reserve is very good and has a large wetland area so migratory birds from siberia come and go in this area.not only that this reserve is also famous for its rare vultures.It can be said that this area has become very beautiful because of these birds.After the winter season ends and the summer season begins birds from different countries return to their own countries.It has been found that world wetlands day is celebrated every year in this wildlife reserve.This reserve was established in bikram sambat 2032 or 1976 to protect and provide a safe habitat for the endangered wild buffaloes.Since the total area of this reserve is only 175 square kilometers this reservation can be said to be the smallest reservation in nepal.An annual koshi festival is held in the wildlife reserve in which the wild buffaloes,a rare birds in the world,nepal’s first elephant breeding center,wetlands, dolphins,pythons are the main attractions. As there is no dearth of food in the wetlands spread over a large area migratory birds enjoy the area with pleasures.This reservation area can be said to be the only tourist area for bird study.Tourist from america,u.k. and western countries come to this reservation to study the birds.
This reserve area is becoming a hub for domestic tourists for province no.1 and province no.2.The best time to visit the reserve area is from october to february. Tourists who come here can also enjoy an elephant riding,rafting on the koshi river and fishing.Tourists will be able to visit this reserve area easily by air and land.The existence of the protected wildlife buffaloes in koshi tappu wildlife reserve which is considered rare in the world is beginning to be endangered.Because it is endangered due to domestic animals that have gone to roam within the reserve.This wildlife reserve has also started to used in the selection of tourist areas of eastern nepal.It has been found that the number of tourists who come to this reserve to observe elephants and birds is high. However the number of tourists who come here for sightseeing has started to decrease due to various reasons.This reserve can also be called the capital of birds.Tourists who come to visit this protected koshi tappu wildlife reserve in the morning and they spend the whole day watching the wild buffaloes,deer, birds,elephants etc.and return home without spending the night in the hotel here.Recently tourists who come to visit this reserve can be seen returning disappointed due to various reasons.Due to the lack of protection of this reserve the number of migratory birds from abroad has decreased.In addition local birds are also seen in the open areas of this protected area only in the morning and evening.The number of tourists in this area has started to decrease as the tourists who come to visit this reserve come to this area in the morning and do not find the birds until they return home in the evening. In the 48 years since the established of this wildlife reserve the attraction of koshi tappu wildlife reserve has been decreasing instead of increasing.In particular this reservation can be seen as a problem due to human interference in this area.Due to the release of domestic animals into the reserve wild buffaloes have also been seen as a grazing problem.Not only is there a lack of grazing area for wild buffaloes but male wild buffaloes have been found to be cross-breeding with domestic buffaloes.Due to which there is a fear of spreading diseases among wild buffaloes and wild buffaloes are becoming weaker.It is estimated that the original existence and lineage of wild buffaloes may be destroyed due to cross-breeding with local buffaloes coming to graze with in the reserve.
The construction of permanent pens for domestic animals around and within the reserve seems to be a challange in the conservation of the reserve.On the other hand the main attraction of this reservation is the conservation of wild buffaloes but on other hand the grazing area of this reservation is gradually being destroyed.This also seems to have a direct impact on other protected wildlife and birds.As the number of wildlife in this area increases habitat problem have also been found to be increasing.Due to the lack of habitat conflicts between human and wildlife have been found to be increasing as animals enter human settlement.The wildlife reserve committee has planned to expand the intermediate area from chatara in the north to koshi barrage in the south.Koshi tappu wildlife reserve collect 4 million rupees in revenue annually.The largest amount of this revenue collection is from domestic and foreign tourists. Since koshi tappu wildlife reserve is the main tourist destination of province no.1 it is estimated that more then 100,000 tourists will be attracted to this wildlife reserve.In this reserve hotels with good arrangements for accommodation and food for tourists visiting the reserve area have also been built near the reserve area.These hotels have created employment for the local residents.It has been found that the wildlife reserve has become a major educational destination for students of educational institutions in the eastern region.If you need thatch to cover your house residents near thatch areas will be allowed to enter the reservation area for only 2-3 days to cuts thatch.During that thime as much thatch as you need can be cut to cover your house.Thus the entry of people and domestic animals into the koshi tappu wildlife reserve have a negative impact on the wild buffaloes protected there. Therefore tbe wild buffaloes may be displaced due to the lack of pasture for the wild buffaloes protected there.To protected the wild buffaloes in that reservation the entry of local people and donestic animals should be prohibited. Similarly there should be good grazing arrangements for those wild buffaloes and the wild buffaloes are protected.In nepali the wild buffalo is called arna.
This reservation is surrounded by grasslands which is why this reservation has become a habitat for wild animal and birds.Due to the diverse species of wild animals and birds found in the koshi tappu wildlife reserve then this reserve has been listed on the Ramsar list since paush 2,2044 bikram sambat.This wildlife reserve is the largest and first wildlife reserve in nepal to be listed in the Ramsar list.The government of nepal has established a 13-member buffer zone management committee since bhadra binram sambat 2061 to involve the public in the protection of the wildlife reserve. The buffer zone includes udayapur,sunsari and saptari districts because human settlements are close to these areas which is why these three districts fall into the buffer zone.Because these are areas where wild animals enter and attack settlements causing damage to properly and people.If wild animals damage any settlement the buffer zone committee inspects it and provides compensation to the concerned body.In this way the buffer zone committee compensates up to 30 percent of the income generated from the protected area for the damage caused by wild animals to any settlements.The nepal army,reservation staff snd local people have helped to better protect this reservation area.For years arrangements have been made for fishermen who wan to fish in the saptakoshi rever which runs through the reservation area.Fishing is allowed only nine months a year in the koshi tappu wildlife reserve.The intermediate area committee distributes identity cards to fishermen for fishing in the saptakoshi rever.The identity cards renewed every 3-3 months.When we visit this wildlife reserve we can experience different types of weather.The wildlife reserve area experiences extreme heat from february to june.Then from the end of june to august there is a heavy rainfall and the temperature of the activ season gradually decreases and the winter season begins.The entry fee for visiting this wildlife reserve area has been determined separately for citizens of nepal,SAARC countries and other countries.To visit the koshi tappu wildlife reserve tourists from south asia have to pay an entry fee 750 rupees.Similarly tourist from other countries have to pay a fee of one thousand 500 rupees.After paying the said amount they can visit the koshi tappu wildlife reserve for 12 hour.Friends what do you think of the informating regarding this koshi tappu wildlife reserve in nepal ? If you find any shortcomings in this information please comnent in comment box.
